Technically, that’s called “hunting” behaviour indicating a disconnection between the sensors and the temperature control. You might need to llok at the various threads on the worong and software end of the machine, which are it’s achilles heel - temperatures can get higher than the wiring can handle, and there can be a mechanical defect. Fortunately, the fixes aren’t expensive, but the headache could get the printer banned from Europe if and when the Regulatory authorities wake up to the risks involved.
I am pretty sure this is a mechanical issue. It is probably a loose wire or break somewhere. You say it maintains temperature when the printer is sitting still.
I would lean towards power supply issue normally, but since your extruder is holding steady, I am leaning more towards a problem with wiring on your bed.